2025 National Single Stair Architectural Design Competition

The American Point Access Block

Register and Submit your Design by: August 31, 2025

The Design Challenge

Innovate multifamily building designs using single-stair configurations that fit on typical parcels across the U.S.

Regulatory Context

The need for a second exit gives rise to a distinct architectural approach in North America: the double-loaded corridor floor plan. In the United States and Canada, multi-family buildings typically adopt a layout where a lengthy, straight hallway runs along the structure's narrower dimension, with units branching out on either side. This arrangement is commonly found in hotels or student dormitories in other parts of the world. However, in North America, it has become the predominant and practical method for constructing multifamily housing.

This design concept originates from the stipulations of the North American building codes, which mandate that each residential unit must have access to two exit points, often in the form of staircases, in addition to fulfilling additional fire and life safety code requirements. To comply with the requirement of providing each unit access to at least two staircases, the double-loaded corridor design emerges as the optimal solution.

However, this arrangement also brings along a set of drawbacks.

Many narrow lots, such as commercial parcels on main streets in high opportunity neighborhoods, are too space-constrained to fit a second stair. This often leads to the practice, known as land assembly, of combining parcels until a lot size suitable for a double-loaded corridor has been created. This practice can turn out to be quite costly. In the case of Los Angeles, this practice of land assembly resulted in a notable increase in land acquisition costs, ranging from 15% to 40%. Additionally, relying on land assembly also consumes time and restricts the available locations for housing development.

Currently, new apartment buildings are heavily skewed toward studio and one-bedroom apartments, with fewer larger housing options available for families. This forces families into older single-family houses or apartments, built before national sprinkler requirements.

The current two staircase exit route requirement in multi-family housing has a profound effect on what does and does not get built in North America. While many cities have endeavored to increase zoning for housing in high opportunity neighborhoods, this push could be thwarted by the difficulties in developing the available lots. Single stair buildings represent a unique opportunity to imagine denser development on smaller scale lots. With this design competition we hope to demonstrate to the public what that future could look like.

Competition Details

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